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Holy Prophet's Migration to Madina |
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Commencement of Migration to Medina
As soon as the Quraish came to know about this oaht, they got extremely
desperate and their persecution of the Muslim reached its climax.
Thereupon the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) advised his
companions to migrate to Medina. They started migration to Medina
individually or in couples, but gradually and secretly to avoid its notice
by the Quraish. This process continued till no Muslim remained in Mecca
except the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), Hadrat Abu bakr Siddiq,
Hadrat Ali and a few other Muslims who could not afford to leave Mecca.
Siddiq-i-Akbar also head the intention of migration but Prophet had said
to him:
" You better wait till I get Allah's
permission for migration." Siddiq-i-Akbar kept waiting and arrange
for the journey two she-camels; one for himself and the other for the Holy
Prophet (peace be upon him).
Holy Prophet's Migration to
Medina
When the infidel Quraish
became aware of the situation, they gathered in Dar-ul-Nadwa for
consultation regarding the next step about the Prophet. Some one suggested
to imprison him while another one advised to exile him. But the carfty
persons among them did not consider it proper because, they thought, in
case of his imprisonment his tribesmen and helpers would attack them and
snatch him from their possession. And in case of exile, they thought, it
would go entirely against them because all the Arabs living around the
boundaries of Mecca would be greatly influenced by his noble conduct and
sweet conversation. And he might invade them (the Quraish) with their
active support. In view if this discussion. the wretched Abu Jehl
suggested the he should be murdered and man from each tribe should
participate in that murder so that Banu Abd-e-Manaf (Holy Prophet's tribe)
could not get revenge. Everyone agreed with this suggestion and a youth
from each tribe was appointed to do the needful on the fixed might.
Almighty Allah apprised the Holy Prophet of
their conspiracy and enjoined upon him to migrate. At that night,
when many a youth from each tribe and besieged his house to accomplish
their evil design, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) made up his mind
to migrate. He asked Hadrat Ali to sleep in his bed by covering himself
with his bed-sheet so that the infidels could not know that the he was not
in the house.
When the Prophet came towards the gate of his house, three was a
crowd of the Quraish as if it were a fair. Holy Prophet (peace be upon him)came out
of the house reciting Surah Yasin and when he reached the verse "Fa-Aghshaina
hum fhaum la yubsiroon. "And
(thus) We have covered them so that they seen not."
prophet's it several time till a
covering was laid upon their eyes by Almighty Allah and they could not see
him while going out He straightaway reached the house of Siddiq-e-Akbar
who was already waiting for him and had arranged a guide to the passage to
accompany them. Siddiq-e-Akbar and the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him)
came out through a window at the back of the house and went toward Thaura(
a mountain near Mecca)
Stay
in a Cave of Thaur
Now both of them were staying in cave of Thaur, whereas the youth of the
Quraish were still waiting for the Prophet to come of his house. At last
they came to know that there was Ali in his place and it disturbed them
too much. They immediately sent the messengers to all the four sides in
search of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) and fixed a reward of one
hundred camels for arresting him. Many person set out in search of him and
some foot-print experts were able to reach the end of the cave, so near to
them that if they had cared to see kneeling a bit inward they could
clearly see them. At that moment Siddiq-eAkbar felt grieved, but the
Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to him : "Don't feel
disturbed. Allah is with us." By the will of Allah, the searching
eyes were turned away from the cave and no on cared to see kneeling toward
the cave. Even Umayyah bin Khalf, the cleverest among them, told them that
his presence in the cave was not possible. He said so because by the
command of Allah a spider had woven a web at the entrance of the cave
during on night and wild pigeon had made its nest there.
The
Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) and Siddiq-e-Akbar remained hidden in
that cave for three consecutive night till their chasers got disappointed.
During these three night Abdullah son of Siddiq-e-Akbar used to come,
passed on them the news of the Quraish, he used to listen during the day
time, and used to return to Mecca before dawn. His sister Asma bint Abu
Bakr also used to provide them food each night. Since the Arabs were
experts in recognising the foot-prints, Abdullah had advised his slave to
daily graze the sheep upto that cave.
Departure
for Medina from the cave of Thaur
On Monday of the month of Rabi-ul-Awwal, the 1st A.H., and the third day
of their stay in the cave of Thaur, Aamir bin Fuhairah the liberated slave
of Siddiq-e-Akbar, reached the cave with two she-camels for the journey to
Medina. Aamir was accompanied by Abdullah bin Arqalit, who was engaged on
payment to guide them to the route. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him)
mounted on the one she-camel while Siddiq-e-Akbar rode the other one.
Siddiq-e-Akbra asked Aamir bin Fuhara to ride behind him for service.
Abdullah bi Arqlait led them to guide them to the way. As they advanced,
Suraqe bin Malik, who was un his search, approached there. As he came
close to the Prophet (peace be upon him) his horse tumbled and Suraqa
fell dawn. He again rode the horse adn chased the Prophet and drew so near
to him that he heard his recitation from the Quran. At that time
Siddiq-e-Akbar looked backward again and again the Prophet paid little
heed to him. When Suraq again go nearer to the Prophet (peace be upon him)
all the four legs of his horse sank in the surface of dry and hard the
ground. As a result of it, Suraqa again feel down, He tried his best to
pull his horse out of the ground but it could not come out of it. As a
last resort, he caught refuge of the Prophet (peace be upon him), who
stopped, and with his blessing the horse came out of the clutches of the
ground.
When the legs of the horse were
released by the ground, there appeared smoke from the place where its legs
were gripped. At this sight Suraqa was much more astonished, and in all
humility he presented to the Prophet his ration, his other belongings and
even the camel with him. But the Prophet did not accept anything and said,
" Unless you embrace Islam I shall not accept your camel or any other
thing. Anyhow, it is enough that you do not mention our where about to any
one." Suraqa returned from that place and till there was any
possibility of danger for the Prophet he did not mention this event to any
one.
Recognition
of his Prophethood by Suraqa
After a few days Suraqa narrated this event to Abu Jehl and then recited a
few poetic verses, which reads as under:
"O
Abu Hikam ( Abu Jehl) ! By Laat ! Had you observed the sinking of this
horse surface of the ground, you would not have the least doubt about the
Prophethood of Muhammad. In my opinion it is incumbent upon you that you
keep yourself away from his opposition and also prohibit the people from
doing so, because I believe that within a short period the signs of his
success will be so prominent that all the people would aspire to say:
" Alas ! We had better reconciled with him."
The Kuniyat of the Abu Jehl was Abu Hakim, but due to his refusal to
embrace Islam, he was called Abu Jehl (the father of ignorance).
A Miracle of the
Prophet (peace
be upon him)
On the same
route the Prophet (peace be upon him) passed by the house of
a women (Umm Ma'bad bint Kkahlid), where he stopped for a
while. Her sheep was dry, but, as soon as the Prophet (peace
be upon him) touched its udders, these were filled with
milk, He himself and his companions drank the milk, but this
blessing continued even after that. On his departure, the
husband of Umm Ma'bad turned up and was surprised to
see this strange occurrence about the milk if their sheep.
On his enquiry he was told by Umm Ma'bad that a noblest and
kindest young man was their guest for a while that very day
and all this happened with the blessing of his hand. When
her husband heard it, he said, "By God ! He seems to be the
same saint from Mecca. According to a version, both of them
migrated thereafter and on reaching Medina they embraced
Islam.
Arrival at Quba
There from the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) reached Quba,
asuburb of Medina. Eversince the Ansar (The Helpers) and heard about
the arrival of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) they used to go
out of their locality daily to welcome him. That day, as a routine,
they had also come back after waiting for him, but suddenly they
heard someone saying: " He, who was being awaited, has come." When
they was the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) coming, they were all
jubilant and welcomed him enthusiastically. The Holy Prophet (peace
be upon him) and companions stayed at Quba for fourteen days. During
these days, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) laid the foundation
of a mosque at Quba. while building it, the Holy Prophet (peace be
upon him) himself worked with others. And this is the first mosque
in the history of Islam.
Since the trustworthiness of the Holy Prophet (peace be
upon him) was well recognised even by the infidels, most of them
used to keep their valuables with him as a trust. At the time of his
migration, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) had left Hadrat Ali
behind, in order to return the valuables, kept with the Prophet, to
the persons concerned before migrating to Medina. Hadrat Ali
complied with the prophet's instructions and then joined him at Quba.
Beginning of Islamic Calendar
After
migration, Hadrat Umar, in compliance with the Holy Prophet's order,
initiated the use of Islamic calendar and Muharram was fixed as its
first month.
Holy
Prophet's Entry in Medina
It was Friday of Rabi-ul-Awwal, when the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him)
departed from Quba for Medina. On his way the Ansar were joyously and
enthusiastically walking around the she-camel he was riding. A number of
them were accompanying the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) on their own
beasts. Everyone was trying to have the honour of holding the reins of his
dromedary. Each and every one desired from the core of his heart that the
Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) were his guest. The women and children
were reciting the poems of joy and happiness. When he reached near the
houses of Banu Salim bin Auf, it was tine for Jumuah Prayer. The Holy
Prophet (peace be upon him) got down of his she-camel offered the Jumuah
prayer and again mounted his dromedary. On his route, everyone standing
before his own house requested the Prophet to honour him to be his guest,
but the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) replied: " My dromedary be
left alone: She is appointed by Allah Almighty. She will stop of her own
where she is ordained to stop. " The dromedary, therefore, kept
moving on till the houses of Banu Adi bin Najaar, the parental tribe of
the Holy Prophet's (peace be upon him) mother, were before them. Here the
dromedary sat down in front of the house of Abu Ayyub Ansari. So the Holy
Prophet (peace be upon him) was the guest of Abu Ayyub, in whose house
Prophet stayed for a fair period of time.
Construction of Mashid (Mosque) Nabawi
At that time there was no
Mosque in Medina to offer prayers. Therefore prayers were offered
wherever possible. Then the same place, where the Prophet's
dromedary sat, was selected for the Mosque. Here the Masjid
Nabawi was first constructed with its walls of unbaked bricks, its pillars
of the dry trunks of the date trees and its roof covered with the branches
of the date trees. The Qibla of the Mosque was set toward Bait-ul-Maqdas.
The Qibla of Muslims was the same at that time.
Hadrat Umar. during his Caliphate, extended the area
of the Mosque and Hadrat Othman made further extension. He also made some
change and decorated it with mosaic work and inlaid silver on stone walls.
Hadrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz made further extension and inluded the
apartments of the Prophet's wives therein. In 160 A.H. Caliph Mehdi and in
303 A.H. King Mamoon also made further extension and necessary changes
with solid foundation. Thereafter, the Othman rulers made the finest
renovations which still exist.
Two apartments were
also made adjoining the Mosqu--- one for Hadrat 'A'isha and the other one
for Hadrat Saudha. Then the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) sent a person
to Mecca to bring his family to Madina Tayyabah. At the same time Hadrat
Siddiq-e-Akbar also sent for his own family members to Medina. In this way
Ummul Mo'mineem Saudah and the Prophet's daughters Fatimah and Umm-i-Kulthum
reached Medina. His third daughter, Zainab, was not allowed by her
husband, Abul Aas (who had not yet embraced Islam). Hadrat Abdullah,
son of Siddiq-e-Akbar also reached Medina with his mother and two sisters,
'A' isha and Asma (R)
Now Mecca was deserted by the Muslims
except a few who could not afford to go Medina. And in some cases the
emigrants died on their way to Medina.
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