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Ghazwah
Khaibar
Banu Nudair, the Jews of
Medina, had settled in Khaibar. Since then Khaibar had become the center
of the Jews. From there they had been provoking all the Arabs against
Islam. In Muharram or Jamadi-i-Awwal of 7 A .H. the Holy Prophet (peace be
upon him) advanced towards Khaibar with a force of four hundred men on
foot and two hundred riders for Jihad against these Jews. After the fight,
Almighty Allah blessed the Muslims with victory and all the forts of the
Jews were captured by the Muslims. In this Jihad Hadrat Ali played a vital
role, as he alone rooted off the Khaibar's gate, which could not be moved
even by seventy persons. According to some versions, he used this gate as
a shield.
After the victory
of Khaibar, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) despatched a regiment
towards the Jews of Fadak, who reconciled.
Performance of Missed Umrah
Due to
the Treaty of Hudaibiya, it was agreed that the Muslims would not perform
Umrah the same year but next year and would stay in Mecca for not more
than three days. So this year (7 A .H.) the Holy Prophet (peace be upon
him) went to Mecca with his Companions, performed Umrah in accordance with
the conditions of the Treaty and returned to Mecca.
The year 8 A . H.
Saryah
Muta
Muta is the name of a place some miles from Bait-ul-Maqdas in the suburbs
of Balqa, a city of Syria. At this Muslims because Amr bin Sharjeel,
Governor of the Emperor of Rome, had killed Harith bin Umair, a messenger
sent by the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). The Prophet despatched an
army of three thousand Sahaba by the middle of 8 A .H. When this army
reached near Muta, the Romans, on receiving this information, despatched a
strong army consisting of one hundred and fifty thousand soldiers. After
fighting for a few days, the Romans' huge army was overawed by further
fight.
Conquest
of Mecca
The Muslims, according to
their tradition, were abiding by the conditions of the Treaty of Hudaibiya, but the Quraish committed breach of the
covenant in 8 A .H. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) sent a messenger
to them with certain conditions for the revival of the Treaty and conveyed
to the Quarish that if they did not agree with those conditions. the treat
of Hudaibiya would be considered as cancelled. The Quraish preferred the
repeal of the Treaty.
Consequently the Holy Prophet (peace
be upon him) started preparations foe Jihad and on 10th Ramadan-ul-Mubarik of 8 A .H. advanced from Medina,
after Asr prayer of Wednesday, with a force of ten thousand Suhabah under
his command. By the time they reached Kadidyah it was evening and they
broke their fast just before offering Maghrib prayer. As soon as the
Islamic Force reached the suburbs of Mecca, the Holy Prophet (peace be
upon him) despatched a part of the army under the command of Khaild bin
Waleed to enter Mecca from its upper side. Hadrat Khalid was instructed by
the Prophet not fight against anyone who not take initiative in fighting
against them.
The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) himself
advanced from the other side and announced that any person who would enter
the Mosque would be safe, and who enter the house of Abu Sufyan would be
safe, and whosoever shut the door of his own house and remained in would
be safe. However he allowed the murder of eleven men and four women who
had been deeply involved in mischief against the Muslims all along. But
these mischievous persons scattered and most of them embraced Islam on
reaching Medina after the conquest of Mecca.
On Friday, the 20th of Ramadan the Holy Prophet (peace be
upon him) circumambulated round the Ka'bah as a ritual. By that time there
were 360 idols placed in the vicinity of Ka'bah. The Holy Prophet (peace
be upon him) had a stick in hand. As prophet passed by each idol an
pointed to it fall, it fell headlong. And the Holy Prophet (peace be upon
him) recited the following Quranic of the Holy Quran:
"Truth has come and
falsehood vanished away. Lo ! falsehood is ever bound to vanish."
(17.81)
After circumambulation of
the Ka'bah the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) took the key of the Ka'bah
from Uthman bin Talha Shaibi, the custodian of Ka'bah, and went in. When
he come out, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) offered prayer at 'Muqam-e-Ibraheem'.
After the prayer Prophet went towards the Mosque, where people were
waiting for him, to know the Prophet's announcement the mercy of the
words, addressing the Quraish said: " You are absolutely free and
safe." Then he returned them the Key of Ka'bah.
Excellent Conduct of the Holy Prophet and Embracement of Islam by
Abu Sufyan
Up till now Abu Sufyan was the arch-enemy of the Holy Prophet (peace be
upon him) and in almost all the battles against the Muslims, he used to be
the Commander of the Quraish's army. Before the conquest of Mecca he went
out of the city enslave the Islamic army and some Sahabah arrested him.
But when he was brought before the Prophet, the mercy of the worlds, Abu
Sufyan was forgiven. He was so much impressed by the magnanimity of the
Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) that he (Abu Syfyan) at once embraced
Islam. Now onward he was know as Hdart Abu Sufyan (Allah be pleased with
him).
On the day of conquest,
a man come in the presence of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him)
while trembling and heaving heavily out of fear. The mercy of the
worlds asked him not to worry least as he was not a king but the son
of an ordinary woman.
The Holy
Prophet (peace be upon him) stayed in Mecca for fifteen days. At this
situation, the Ansar of Medina, Apprehending that the Holy Prophet (peace
be upon him) might settle in Mecca, were feeling depressed, and were
thinking that in that case they would be deprived of his company. But as
soon as the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) came to know about their
apprehension. Prophet told them that in future his life and death would be
with them, and then he appointed Hadrat Atab ibne Asid as the Governor of
Mecca and himself accompanied the Ansar for Medina.
Ghazwah
Hunain
After the conquest of Mecca almost the
whole of Arabia embraced Islam, because most of the people, who were
hesitating to become Muslims due to the awe of the Quraish's might, and were waiting for the conquest of Mecca, had now
entered the fold of Islam in large number. The rest of the pagan Arabs
were hardly in a position to confront the Muslims. However, the vanity of
tow tribes, Hawazan and Saqeef, incited them to advance toward Mecca to
fight against the Muslims. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) organized
an army of twelve thousand strong, comprising ten thousand Ansar, who
accompanied the Prophet from Medina and two thousand new Muslims. who were
the converts after the conquest of Mecca. And now this was the largest
Islamic army since the beginning of Jihad. On the 6th of Shawwal in 8 A
.H. this Hizb Allah (Divine Force) advanced and when it reached Hunain, a
valley, the enemies hiding in the surrounding hills suddenly fell on the
Muslims. Since the Islamic Army had not yet been properly arrayed, its
fighters in the front suffered a lot and had to retreat.
The apparent cause of this was their lack of
array, but, as the Holy Qur'an has pointed out, its real cause was that
the Muslims had become proud of their majority in number and superiority
in the armaments. Moreover, some of the Sahabah, including Siddiq-e-Akbar
had uttered: " Today we cannot gain dominance." The Lord,
Almighty Allah, therefore, created this situation in order to reprimand
them, and let the Muslims understand that victory or defeat did not depend
on their bravery or the masterly use of their swords and arrows.
Victory in the
battle of Badr without adequate resources and retreat form Hunain in a
defeated manner betrayed the same secret. (i.e. no success without Allah's
Grace). The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) was wearing two armours at
that time riding on a mule called " Duldul". When he
noticed the tribes retreating, he gave some instructions to Hadrat Abbas,
who called back the Muslim fighters in a courageous manner. This call
boosted up the stumbling Muslim fighters. They regained firmness and a
pitched battle started between the two parties.
A Great Miracle, a Handful dust Caused Enemy's Defeat
meanwhile, the
Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) threw a handful of dust towards the
enemy's force, which, by the will of Almighty Allah, spread and
entered each and every eye of the enemy soldiers. Consequently, the
enemy force was struck with awe, overcome and fled away. Four
Muslims were martyred and seventy pagans were killed in this battle.
When the Muslims tried to harm the children and women of the enemy
in a rage of retaliation, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him)
prohibited them.
Ghazwah
Ta'if
Thereafter, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) advanced towards Ta'if,
which was the Headquarters of Banu Saqeef and Hawazan. But in spite of
eighteen days' siege, it was not yet conquered. When the Holy Prophet
(peace be upon him) reached there, a delegate of the Hawazan tribe of
Ta'if sought this audience at jer'anah, nearby Ta'if. This delegate
requested him the return of their men arrested during the battle of
Hunain. The Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) agreed to it returned their
men. When the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) came back to Medina, a
delegate from Ta'if met him and embraced Islam at their own request.
Umrah
from Jer'anah
The Holy Prophet
(peace be upon him) had made up his mind at Jer'anah for Umrah. Therefore,
Prophet put on the Ihram from there and went to Mecca to perform Umarh.
After performing Umarah, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) returned to
Medina and i-Qa'd . 8 A .H.
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